很多留英学生希望留学期间和毕业后可以在英国工作或创业，在国际化背景中积累工作经验。以下是国际学生可以在毕业时申请的不同种类的签证说明：

If you are currently studying in the UK and you want to work or develop a business in the UK after you graduate, there are a number of different visa options that you may be eligible to apply for:

Working in the UK

在英国工作

- Tier 2 is open to recent graduates with a Bachelor or Master’s degree, PhD, PGCE or PGDE from a UK recognised or listed body. You can apply for Tier 2 without first having to leave the UK if you have an offer of a skilled job from an employer that is a licensed sponsor with UKBA - you can find a list of licensed sponsors here. The job must meet minimum salary criteria and the minimum salary will differ depending on which profession you wish to work in. However, there is no limit on the number of students who can gain a Tier 2 visa for this scheme, provided they meet these requirements. On this scheme, you can stay in the UK for 3 years, with the possibility to extend.

第二层级签证：获得英国认证机构授予的学士及以上学位的毕业生可申请“第二层级签证”——只要申请人获得由英国边境管理署认可的担保机构所发出的雇佣通知书，从事技能工作并达到所规定的最低年薪(因工作类别而异)。该类别的申请人数不设上限，申请人可在英国工作三年，且可延期。

- Tier 5 temporary worker visa. Graduates can also consider applying for a Tier 5 ‘temporary worker’ visa but you must leave the UK and apply from overseas for this category. The only exception to this is if you are undertaking postgraduate training or work experience that is relevant to your qualification, in which case you can switch into the Tier 5 Government Authorised Exchange scheme from inside the UK. To be able to apply for a visa under most Tier 5 categories you must have a job offer from a licensed sponsor and pass a points-based assessment. There are different requirements under the Youth mobility scheme. Tier 5 work experience and internship schemes are limited to 12 months, but other schemes covering research, fellowships and training in the fields of science and medicine are limited to two years.

“第五层级”临时工作签证：毕业生可以申请“第五层级”临时工作签证，但须先离开英国，在海外申请，除非你已从事研究生培训或与学位相关的工作，这时你可以在英国转成“第五层级政府许可交换类别”。“第五层级”临时工作签证的申请人须获得由英国边境管理署认可的担保机构发出的雇佣通知书，并通过计点积分评估。“第五层级”工作经验和实习类别可以申请12个月，而其他在科学和医药方面的研究及培训类别则可长达2年。

Developing your own business in the UK

在英国创业

- The Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur) visa route is for students who want to develop their entrepreneurial skills by setting up a business in the UK. To be eligible, you need to be endorsed by a UK higher education institute (HEI) which has signed up to this scheme. You must also have completed your degree course with this same higher education institute. There is a limit of 1,000 places under this scheme for the first year. An additional 1,000 places will be available under this route for completing MBA students from April 2013. On this scheme, you can stay in the UK for one year initially but you will have the option to extend this for a further 12 months if your HEI is willing to continue to endorse you. To find out which universities and colleges are currently taking part in this scheme, visit this page of UKBA website. Other HEIs will be eligible to take part from April 2013.

第一层级(毕业生创业者)签证：该签证类别是为希望培养创业力并在英国创业的学生而设。只要你在参与了该签证计划的英国高等教育机构获得了学士学位，并获得该机构的担保，即可申请。英国政府将在第一年颁发1000个此类签证，并有另外的1000个签证将发给2013年4月后完成MBA课程的学生。初次申请者可以获得12个月的签证，如果担保机构愿意继续担保你，将可以延期12个月。你可以在UKBA的网站上查询参与该签证计划的高等教育机构名单。

From April 2013, all PhD students who have completed their UK studies will be allowed to stay in the UK to search for skilled employment or establish their own business for up to twelve months after they have completed their PhD. This will mean PHD students can focus on completing their studies and then have time to look for a job to gain experience of working in the UK.

另外，自2013年4月，在英国完成博士学位的学生毕业后将有12个月的时间在英国找工作或创业。这意味着博士生可以在求学期间集中精力完成学业及科学研究，然后有充足的时间在英国寻找适合的工作并积累工作经验。

Working whilst you study is also a great way to get to know people in the local community, improve your language skills and gain work experience. You can work alongside your studies if you are studying on a 'Tier 4' student visa at a UK university, higher education institution or publicly funded further education college.

国际学生在留学英国期间也可以从事兼职工作——这使留学生可以更好地融入当地社会，提高语言水平，并获得工作经验。